BackupPc
Setup
- apt-get install apache2 backuppc libfile-rsyncp-perl
- add to /etc/aliases
backuppc: root
If you use a dedicated disk or partition:
- prefer reiserfs over ext3 to avoid any inode shortage problem.
- mount it with "noatime" for better performances
- If you've to move an existing setup, move /var/lib/backuppc to the dedicated partition but preserve hardlinks (use cp -a), then create /var/lib/backuppc symlink
To create/change http passwords:
htpasswd /etc/backuppc/htpasswd backuppc
To create a new user:
htpasswd /etc/backuppc/htpasswd user
add to /etc/aliases
user: user@email.com
To prepare backuppc to access the hosts:
su - backuppc ssh-keygen -t rsa -N ''
For a full restoration from scratch, see the backuppc paragraph in Harddrive
Whenever you change the config files, be sure to have the proper permissions:
chown backuppc:www-data /etc/backuppc/* chmod go-rwx /etc/backuppc/*pl
Apache2
ln -s /etc/backuppc/apache.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/backuppc
Add a host for backup
- add it to /etc/backuppc/hosts
- create a file such as /etc/backuppc/<host>.pl with the same name and with variables from config.pl that you want to adapt for your host
- scp /var/lib/backuppc/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@<host_to_backup>:
- on the host:
- cat id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
- prepend the line in authorized_keys by sth like
from="<my_backup_server>"
so that only the backup host can log with this key. - install a ssh server if not yet done
- install rsync
- Try once as user backuppc to log as root on your host, first to accept the fingerprint, second to check if you are in without prompt for pwd
- Reload hosts in backuppc: /etc/init.d/backuppc reload
Troubleshooting
Backup failed and you've only a very poor error message?
For example:
Got fatal error during xfer (Unable to read 4 bytes)
There are more complete logfiles in /var/lib/backuppc/pc/*yourmachine*/XferLOG.bad.z
But they're compressed with libz (I think) so to read the file:
$ /usr/share/backuppc/bin/BackupPC_zcat /var/lib/backuppc/pc/*yourmachine*/XferLOG.bad.z
To continue on the same example, here we got:
full backup started for directory /blabla Running: /usr/bin/ssh -q -x -l root yourmachine /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --bwlimit=1500 --ignore-times . /blabla Xfer PIDs are now 10100 Read EOF: Connection reset by peer Tried again: got 0 bytes Done: 0 files, 0 bytes Got fatal error during xfer (Unable to read 4 bytes) Backup aborted (Unable to read 4 bytes) Not saving this as a partial backup since it has fewer files than the prior one (got 0 and 0 files versus 0)
Ok ssh command failed. Let's try it:
# su - backuppc $ /usr/bin/ssh -l root yourmachine ls
The authenticity of host 'yourmachine (1.2.3.4)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is bl:ab:la Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
So that's was the issue! That's what happen when you miss the last step in the paragraph about adding a host, just here above!
To invert tunnelling (if from behind a firewall)
- On the host:
- ssh -R 2222:localhost:22 <backup_server>
Make it passwordless with keys - To make it automated: install autossh
Add somewhere in the startup scripts:
su <my_local_user> -c 'autossh -N -f -M 29001 -R 2222:localhost:22 <backup_server>' & - Or in /etc/network/interfaces
up su <my_local_user> -c 'autossh -N -f -M 29001 -R 2222:localhost:22 <backup_server>' &
down su <my_local_user> -c 'killall autossh'
- ssh -R 2222:localhost:22 <backup_server>
- On the server:
- backuppc ~/.ssh/config:
- Host <host_to_backup_as_said_to_backuppc>
- ~HostName <localhost or ip_pub for vservers>
- Port 2222
- backuppc ~/.ssh/config:
Restoring
Deleting backups
I was used to do it manually but there is a nice script here, probably handling it less wildly than what I did...
Tips
When upgrading to rsync 2.6.7 on the clients you could face some problems.
This is due to a different interpretation of the option --devices
Use -D instead for sth compatible with all rsync versions.
Change it in config.pl and other host config files: $Conf{RsyncArgs} and $Conf{RsyncRestoreArgs}
cf http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?thread_id=10176480&forum_id=503
Notes on new install
On the Fit PC
LVM
- VG fitpc-vg
- LV swap 2G => crypto; random key
- swap
- LV root 23G => ext4; label ROOT; use as /
- LV home 500G => crypto
- ext4; label HOME; use as /home; noatime,nodirtime; usage:news (more inodes)
- LV swap 2G => crypto; random key
Mounting encrypted home & swap failed during install -> mark them as "do not use" and see later.
- web server ; ssh server ; standard utils
Reboot
Encrypt swap:
Create /etc/crypttab
cswap1 /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-fitpc--vg-swap /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=256,hash=sha1
Add to /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/cswap1 none swap sw 0 0
Mount and format
cryptdisks_start cswap1 mkswap /dev/mapper/cswap1
Activate swap
swapon -a free
Handle encrypted home:
Add to /etc/crypttab
home_crypt /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-fitpc--vg-home none luks,noauto
Add to /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/home_crypt /home_crypt ext4 noatime,nodiratime,noauto,errors=remount-ro 0 0
Create fs
cryptdisks_start home_crypt mkfs.ext4 -i 4096 /dev/mapper/home_crypt mount /home_crypt
Edit /etc/hosts
127.0.1.1 fitpc.xxx.be fitpc 192.168.1.2 fitpc ...
Install stuff
apt-get install mc screen backuppc
Move backuppc
systemctl disable backuppc /etc/init.d/backuppc stop cp -a /var/lib/backuppc/ /home_crypt/ rm -rf /var/lib/backuppc/ ln -s /home_crypt/backuppc /var/lib/ /etc/init.d/backuppc start
/root/backuppc :
#!/bin/bash cryptdisks_start home_crypt mount /home_crypt /etc/init.d/backuppc start
Fix /etc/backuppc/apache.conf:
Options ExecCGI FollowSymlinks => Options +ExecCGI +FollowSymlinks
then
service apache restart
Update web passwd and create key:
htpasswd /etc/backuppc/htpasswd backuppc su - backuppc ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N exit
Sensors:
apt-get install lm-sensors sensord sensors-detect # use default, no need for optional scans # -> coretemp echo -e "chip \"acpitz-virtual-0\"\n ignore temp1\n ignore temp" > /etc/sensors.d/fitpc-sensors.conf
Read sensors:
sensors acpitz-virtual-0 Adapter: Virtual device coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Core 0: +51.0°C (crit = +90.0°C)
Edit /etc/default/sensord
ALARM_INTERVAL=1m LOG_INTERVAL=30m SYSLOG_FACILITY=daemon RRD_FILE=/var/log/sensord.rrd RRD_INTERVAL=5m RRD_LOADAVG=yes
service sensord restart
Emails: Change /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf
dc_eximconfig_configtype='smarthost' dc_smarthost='smtp.belgacom.net'
update-exim4.conf service exim4 restart
Change /etc/email-addresses (= From:)
root: some_valid_email backuppc: some_valid_email
Add to /etc/aliases (= To: for backuppc users)
myuser: some_valid_email
Edit /etc/mailname
xxx.be
Fix localhost backup (auth errors):
apt-get install sudo echo "backuppc ALL = NOPASSWD: /bin/tar" > /etc/sudoers.d/backuppc
Then edit /etc/backuppc/localhost.pl
$Conf{TarClientCmd} = '/usr/bin/env LC_ALL=C $tarPath -c -v -f - -C $shareName'
=>
$Conf{TarClientCmd} = '/usr/bin/env LC_ALL=C /usr/bin/sudo $tarPath -c -v -f - -C $shareName'
Add a machine:
- Add machine in /etc/hosts
192.168.x.x mymachine
- From machine: (assuming fitpc2 is in its /etc/hosts, warning some devices don't seem to support the "from=")
sudo apt-get install openssh-server rsync (echo -n "from=\"<IP_of_fitpc2>\" ";ssh root@fitpc2 cat /var/lib/backuppc/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub) |sudo tee -a /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
- Test from the server twice (once to accept fingerprint, once to check):
su -c "ssh root@mercure_eth" - backuppc
- Add it to /etc/backuppc/hosts
mymachine 0 myuser backuppc
- Create a file /etc/backuppc/<host>.pl with the same name as in /etc/hosts and /etc/backuppc/hosts and with variables from config.pl that you want to adapt for your host
- Reload
service backuppc reload